In addition, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was increased in a model of obesity-induced by HFD [57] and also aggravated cognitive deficit by increasing the exposure of the brain to various cytokines, including LPS, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) [58]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.