Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases, which is characterized by endocrine abnormalities and an elevated presence of thyroid antibodies (TAbs), such as antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAbs) and antibodies against thyroglobulin (TgAbs). The gene discussed is TPO; the disease is autoimmune thyroid disease.