In ever smoking subgroup, after adjustment for gender, age, BMI and alcohol use, the LEPR rs1137101 GA genotype was associated with the decreased risk of ESCC [GA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–1.00, P = 0.049 (Table 5)]. Here, LEPR is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.