In the analysis of LEPR rs6588147 G>A polymorphism, we found significant differences in the distribution of the rs6588147 AA genotype compared with the rs6588147 GG genotype and rs6588147 AA genotype compared with the rs6588147 GA/GG genotypes between 507 ESCC cases and 1,496 controls [AA vs. GG: crude odds ratio (OR) = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–3.43, P = 0.042 and AA vs. GG/GA: crude OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.06–3.53, P = 0.031 (Table 3)]. This evidence concerns the gene LEPR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.