Indeed, in a mouse model of chronic hepatitis driven by constitutive IKK-NFkB signaling in hepatocytes, which develop aggressive malignant HCC (IKKβ(EE)Hep mice), researchers noted the development of TLSs highly reminiscent of human hepatic TLSs associated with HCC (54). Here, NFKB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.