How different subsets of effector T cells, relevant to diverse lung diseases, ranging from Th2 cells in inflammatory allergic diseases, to Th1 and Th17 cells in cancers, are affected by TNFR2+Foxp3+ Treg expansion in the lung induced by particles such as PS50G or other stimuli, will be a useful question to address in future studies in diverse lung disease models. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1B and lung disorder.