Estrogen has been postulated to promote autoreactive B cell development with increasing INF I and B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) generation, to decrease autoreactive B cell apoptosis with upregulation of antiapoptotic molecules, to facilitate antibodies production and affect antibodies glycosylation, and to contribute to the pathogenesis of NMO in females (111). The gene discussed is TNFSF13B; the disease is neuromyelitis optica.