In the study by Zamvil et al., C. perfringens was overrepresented in the gut microbiome of patients with NMO compared with that of controls and the ABC protein on the bacteria reacted with AQP4 p61–80-specific T cells obtained from patients with NMO and induced Th17 polarization (90, 91). Here, ABCB6 is linked to neuromyelitis optica.