IFNG and infection: Immunization with BmMetAP1, BmHSP-70 or PROF elicited the modest protection from the infection of B. microti, owing to strong Th1 responses with high levels of IgG1 and Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) induced by these proteins (Terkawi et al., 2009; Munkhjargal et al., 2016a,b).