Infection of mice with highly virulent clinical isolates of MTB induced type I IFNs, which led to the up-regulation of SOCS1, SOCS4, SOCS5 and other negative regulators of the JAK/STAT pathway resulting in a decrease of Th1 type cytokines and decreased survival of MTB-infected mice (Vazquez et al., 2006). The gene discussed is SOCS1; the disease is infection.