PPIA and cardiomyopathy: As a family member of cyclophilins, with a similar structure and function with CypB, extracellular CypA has been demonstrated to initiate a cascade of inflammatory cardiovascular processes including vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and inflammatory and noninflammatory cardiomyopathies, and to also relate to MetS, mainly through binding to its extracellular receptor—CD147 (24).