The apparently higher expression of both 17α-hydroxylase and the LH receptor within individual theca cells from affected ovaries (Comim et al., 2013), the consideration that the syndrome may be due to altered ovarian steroidogenesis (Franks et al., 1999), together with the association of certain INSL3 polymorphisms with PCOS incidence (Shaikh et al., 2016), suggest that targeting the INSL3/RXFP2 system in the ovary could offer a novel therapeutic intervention. The gene discussed is INSL3; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.