AR and prostate carcinoma: Pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 by small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) results in the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, as well as sensitization of prostate cancer cells to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and anti-androgen therapy, regardless of their AR and p53 status (Voruganti et al., 2015a; Feng et al., 2016; Logan et al., 2016).