Phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 (Malagelada et al., 2008; Timmons et al., 2009) and Thr308 (Malagelada et al., 2008) is considerably decreased in dopaminergic SN neurons of PD patients when compared with non-PD patients as indicated by the Immunostaining of post-mortem brains. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is Parkinson disease.