NFKB1 and glioblastoma: Various studies have found that levels of NF-κB activity in GBM tissues, as determined by serine phosphorylation, are much higher than in normal tissues (Wang et al., 2004; Nozell et al., 2008) and correspond with an increasing grade of astrocytic tumors (Angileri et al., 2008; Korkolopoulou et al., 2008).