In addition, Syt11 expression was greatly reduced by parkin overexpression, while the pathogenic parkin mutations found in PD patients8,10,30,31, such as R42P (disrupting the ubiquitin-like domain) and R275W (disrupting the RING1 domain), failed to mediate Syt11 degradation (Fig. 1d). Here, SYT11 is linked to Parkinson disease.