SALL4 and myelodysplastic syndrome: In AML cases, immunohistochemistry staining reveals that SALL4 proteins are present in nearly all the patient samples that are examined (n = 81, subtypes M1 to M5, the French-American-British [FAB] classification) [34], and SALL4 expression in patients with complex karyotype is significantly higher than that in MDS patients with normal karyotype [54].