Accordingly, human studies showed that sitagliptin, vildagliptin and exenatide [15–17], even at a single dose, exert a potent anti inflammatory effect, and that many of these effects were persistent over a period of 12 weeks, thus suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1–based therapies could help to reduce atherosclerosis progression. This evidence concerns the gene GLP1R and atherosclerosis.