PIK3CA and Familial prostate cancer: Thus, when both PTEN alleles are lost, the genome of prostate cancer may be significantly impacted due to the complete absence of cell cycle regulation, double-strand break repair, centromere stability, as well as increased cell proliferation rates mediated by the AKT/PI3K/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways [30, 31, 36, 37].