They found an imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines with increased IL-4+CD4+ T cells and IL-4+CD8+ T cells and decreased proportions of IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells, IL-2+CD4+ T cells, and IFN-γ+CD8+ and IL-2+CD8+ T cells in children with autism. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is autism.