Surprisingly, in our study we also observed that more than 18 key genes, including Jak2, Stat3, Stat5a, Pik3r5 and Cish, of JAK-STAT pathway were significantly up-regulated by S. aureus + PG infection, thus indicating that S. aureus + PG treatment might also activate JAK-STAT signaling. Here, STAT3 is linked to infection.