(Table 3) Infants born to women with one of these STIs (CT, NG, TP, and/or CMV) were nearly twice as likely to be HIV-infected (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.9) compared to those born to women without these infections; these findings (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.0) persisted after adjusting for risk factors including maternal HIV viral load, maternal HIV log10 viral load, maternal CD4 count, prolonged rupture of membranes (either 12–24 hours or >24 hours), illegal substance use during pregnancy, and infant death. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and infection.