LEP and diabetes mellitus: While, after multivariable logistic regression analysis of the variables (adopted factors: diabetes, age, waist circumference, body mass index, body fat mass, hemoglobin, triglyceride, leptin, SBP and DBP) showed that diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 7.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–37.00; p = 0.019), body fat mass (OR 1.16; CI 1.02–1.33; p = 0.027); hemoglobin (OR 2.11; CI 1.15–3.87; p = 0.015); and leptin (OR 1.09; CI 1.04–1.14; p = <0.001) were independently correlated to central arterial stiffness in our HD patients (Table 5).