In contrast, labelling in the adult using an inducible biliary-specific cytokeratin 19 driven Cre system does result in CC arising from cholangiocytes, when p53 is deleted from cholangiocytes and then mice are subjected to chronic toxin-mediated damage.35 Histological heterogeneity displayed by CC arising from different locations along the bile duct supports the findings from immunohistochemical and gene expression data that subsets of CC exist; likely arising from cholangiocytes of differing differentiation states or maturity. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and cholangiocarcinoma.