Aptamers have been used to detect a variety of cancers by targeting tumor markers, such as nucleolin [108], tenascin [109], prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) [110], MUC1 [111,112], annexin A2 [113], and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) [114,115]. The gene discussed is MUC1; the disease is neoplasm.