In the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, PC down-regulated TNF-α-induced gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-8 and IP-10 through the inhibition of NFκB activation and hence lipid based therapy with PC may have benefits for ulcerative colitis, through anti-inflammatory effect [41,42]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and ulcerative colitis.