ULK1 and infection: Surprisingly, we discovered that the expression level of most Atg genes (Atg1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, and 16) exhibited a tendency to increase before 24 hpi and then decrease (Figure 3A and Figure S2), while Atg6 and Atg13 were also up-regulated in the early stage of viral infection but more pronounced after 24 h post infection (Figure 3B).