HDGF and cancer: Previous studies have shown that HDGF is highly expressed in numerous cancer tissues and characterized by a novel prognostic factor, such as oral cancer [9], hepatoma [10–12], lung cancer [13, 14], gallbladder cancer [15], pancreatic cancer [16], endometrial carcinoma [17], and gastric carcinoma [18, 19] esophageal carcinoma [20], colorectal cancer [21], and cholangiocarcinoma [22].