HDGF and posterior cortical atrophy: In PCa, HDGF is overexpressed in DU145, PC3 and LNCaP cells compared with the normal prostate cell RWPE-1 [30] and down-regulation of HDGF expression inhibits the proliferation of PCa DU145, PC3 and LNCaP cells [23, 30], and the migration and invasion of DU145 cells [23].