These four pathways were proteoglycans in cancer (ANK2, FASLG, HSPG2, PTPN11, STAT3, and VEGFA), HIF-1 signaling (ARNT, STAT3, and VEGFA), FoxO signaling (FASLG, SMAD4, and STAT3), and ECM-receptor interaction (HSPG2 and LAMA2). Here, SMAD4 is linked to cancer.