NPPB and developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep: The fundamental pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in CSWS are a reduction in sympathetic nervous system outflow during intracranial disease, leading to reduced sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubules, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and release of several natriuretic factors, such as ANP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and other natriuretic proteins [24].