They are predominantly proinflammatory and produce CXCL4 and CXCL7 (chemokines recruiting neutrophils and blood monocytes) particularly in early RA,22 and TNF58 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-15,59 IL-1β,53 IL-6, GM-CSF and TGFβ60) throughout disease progression. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and rheumatoid arthritis.