Although ALDH3B2 rs34589365, rs3741172, rs4646823, rs78402723, rs7947978, rs866907 and rs9787887 were not associated with the susceptibility of ESCC in the current study, the cigarette smoking rate and alcohol drinking rate were significantly higher in the ESCC cases, exemplifying the significance of interaction between the environmental and genetic risk factors in causing esophageal squamous carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene ALDH3B2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.