A previous study on the molecular genetics of the TFE3 fusion gene in TCGA renal cell carcinoma samples suggested that it could contribute to carcinogenesis pathways such as TGFβ signaling, MET oncogene up-regulation, insulin signaling, Rb-dependent cell cycle, ETS oncogene regulation, FLCN/AMPK signaling, T-cell activation, and E-cadherin regulation [42]. Here, INS is linked to renal cell carcinoma.