It has also been demonstrated that several genes involved in the EMT process were upregulated in CRC compared to matched normal tissues, including TWIST1, SNAIL1, LEF1, and FOXA2, which mRNA levels were increased by an average factor of 2.8, 3.3, 3.9, and 2.5 (median) respectively. The gene discussed is TWIST1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.