To determine whether targeted therapies affected PD-L1 expression and infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes, we analyzed the TPS for PD-L1 expression and CD8+ TILs in paired tumor biopsies obtained from patients before starting EGFR-TKIs and after developing resistance to EGFR-TKIs (n = 47, cohort B). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is neoplasm.