As LL37 complexed with DNA has been shown to activate pDCs in psoriasis40,41, and because CAMP mRNA expression (corresponding to LL37) in paradoxical psoriasis was comparable to psoriasis (Supplementary Figure 2), we used LL37/DNA complexes as stimulus to activate enriched human peripheral blood pDCs in the presence or absence of anti-TNF antibodies. Here, TNF is linked to psoriasis.