TNF and myocarditis: In fact, for most of the ONX 0914‐influenced cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1 previous studies have convincingly demonstrated that their concentration as well as the timing of their release determine how these immune‐modulatory molecules actually affect the outcome of virus‐induced myocarditis, whereby high cytokine levels result in more severe pathology (Corsten et al, 2012).