INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is defined by the following autoimmune markers: islet cell autoantibodies, autoantibodies to insulin, autoantibodies to GAD (GAD65), autoantibodies to the tyrosine phosphatases islet antigen 2 (IA-2) and IA-2β, and autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) [121].