RNF43 and neoplasm: Because of the paucity of patient's tumor samples for genomic sequencing in our clinical study, we performed RNF43 transcript analysis by RT-PCR of tumor mRNA focusing on two recurrent hotspot mutations of G659fs and R117fs, accounting for 41.7% to 48.0% and 8.3% to 12.0% of RNF43 frameshift mutations identified in colon cancer and endometrial cancer [26].