The efficiency of probiotics on diabetes has been linked to local changes of the gut environment and microbiota, reduction of the intestinal permeability and preventing translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the systemic circulation [113] as well as stimulation of secretion of SCFA such as butyric acid in the colon and increased incretin secretion [109] (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene GCG and diabetes mellitus.