In line with this, several studies have demonstrated a role for activated components of the complement system among which C3 and C5a being the most prominent, in the various stages of carcinogenesis, such as angiogenesis, activation of mitogenic signaling pathways, sustaining of cellular proliferation and insensitivity to apoptosis, and participation in tumor cell invasion and migration (reviewed extensively in [46]). The gene discussed is C3; the disease is neoplasm.