Among them, 21 patients had chronic hepatitis B virus infection and 13 had received antiviral therapy; 11 patients had postoperative recurrence and metastasis; 11 presented with macro-vascular invasion; 16 showed intrahepatic metastasis; 15 received previous or concomitant trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE); and 21 had abnormally high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and chronic hepatitis B virus infection.