While AKR7A3 and ACAD8 were identified here for the first time as being over-expressed in AC (2-6-fold), relative to their expression levels in SCC (Figure 6C, 6D), genes such as NPC2 (Niemann-Pick disease, type C2) [51], encoding a secreted protein, and ARRB1, were previously reported as biomarkers for lung AC and confirmed here (Supplementary Table 9). Here, AKR7A3 is linked to Niemann-Pick disease type C.