CXCL16 and carcinoma: We observed significantly higher CXCL16 values in non-muscle invasive (≤pT1) low-grade (Δ=0.95, 95% CI 0.59 −1.31) and non-muscle invasive high-grade carcinoma patients (Δ =1.09, 95% CI 0.56 – 1.62) compared to the population controls (p≤0.001, Table 2).