Retnakaran et al. showed that the furan fatty acid metabolite, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) caused β cell dysfunction at concentrations found in plasma from GDM and T2D patients through impairment of mitochondrial function and inhibition of insulin biosynthesis (Retnakaran et al., 2016[25]). Here, INS is linked to gestational diabetes.