Gene upregulation changes included—Tff3 (Trefoil factor 3) an epithelial secreted protein associated with mucosal defence, injury and carcinogenesis; Wnt4—essential for prostate development; Fam129b—a WNT family regulator; Epst11—associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer and Cxcl16—chemokine strongly associated with inflammation in PCa. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL16 and posterior cortical atrophy.