Gene upregulation changes included—Tff3 (Trefoil factor 3) an epithelial secreted protein associated with mucosal defence, injury and carcinogenesis; Wnt4—essential for prostate development; Fam129b—a WNT family regulator; Epst11—associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer and Cxcl16—chemokine strongly associated with inflammation in PCa. The gene discussed is CXCL16; the disease is cancer.