CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling is considered important in differentiation of Ly6C(−) macrophages and induction of tissue fibrosis in a mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction [15], because lack of CX3CR1 expression induced renal pro-inflammatory macrophage proliferation and kidney fibrosis through increasing expression of profibrotic mediator TGF-beta [22]. The gene discussed is CX3CR1; the disease is Ureteral obstruction.