IFNG and malaria: The idea that IFNγ and IL12p70 levels are diminished in frequently-exposed individuals is supported by Ademolue et al., described above, where plasma concentrations of both cytokines were reduced amongst individuals from high transmission areas [26], and by previous work studying malaria-naïve travellers, who exhibit a higher inflammatory response during their first malaria episode as compared with previously exposed and semi-immune individuals [20, 21].