ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase is another driver mutation found in a small percentage (approximately 3% to 7%) of patients with NSCLC and in a smaller percentage of African American patients (approximately 1.7%; Pao & Girard, 2011; Soda et al., 2007; Choi et al., 2008; Koivunen et al., 2008; Horn & Pao, 2009; Araujo et al., 2015).