HLA-C and infection: Although MHC sequences from Japanese ranids and other Bd-resistant frogs [18] share similar P9 pocket conformations, our observation of MHC sequences (ST4, referred as ST-C in this study) from Bd-resistant North Amrerican Lithobates yavapaiensis [23] clustering most closely with MHCII-B alleles from Australian L. verreauxii alpina frogs that did not survive Bd-infection [18] suggests that protective effects of MHC supertypes may vary across species.