Dent disease 1 (MIM 300009, also known as X-linked nephrolithiasis, X-linked nephrolithiasis type 2 (NPHL2), X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis with renal failure, or X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1 (NPHL1), MIM 310468) is an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in the CLCN5 gene which encodes chloride voltage-gated channel 5 (MIM300008) (139). Here, CLCN5 is linked to nephrolithiasis.