This study is designed to investigate the percentage of Th17 cells in the total CD4+ cells and the expression of IL‐17 in patients with CIN and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with high‐risk HPV infection, with the aim to explore the potential role of immunologic response mediated by Th17 cells/IL‐17 during the disease progression and carcinogenesis of (pre)malignant cervical neoplasia which are closely associated with high‐risk HPV infection. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.